FAQs on Jumu'ah Prayer: Sunnah and Nafl Rak'ahs with Hadith References

A common question arises regarding the number of Rak'ahs after the Fardh prayer of Jumu'ah—should it be 4 or 2? According to Islamic teachings, Jumu'ah prayer consists of 14 Rak'ahs in total. These include the obligatory Fardh, strongly recommended Sunnah Mu’akkadah, Sunnah Ghair Mu’akkadah, and optional Nafl prayers. Scholars highlight the importance of performing these Rak’ahs, as supported by Hadith and Islamic jurisprudence. Below are the detailed rulings on the Sunnah prayers of Jumu'ah, their significance, and the consequences of neglecting them.

 📌 Question asked by: Muhammad Shehzad Sheikh Sahib from Madhya Pradesh, Indore

📌 Answered by: Mufti Muhammad Shahid Barakat-e-Mehrati

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1️⃣ How many Rak'ahs are there in Jumu'ah prayer?

Answer: Jumu'ah prayer consists of 14 Rak'ahs in total:

• 2 Rak'ahs of Fardh (obligatory)
• 10 Rak'ahs of Sunnah (recommended)
• 2 Rak'ahs of Nafl (voluntary)

📖 Hadith Reference:
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever performs the Jumu'ah prayer, let him pray four Rak'ahs after it."
📚 (Sahih Muslim, 881; Jami' at-Tirmidhi, 523)

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2️⃣ What are the Sunnah Rak'ahs before and after Jumu'ah?

Answer:

• Before Jumu'ah prayer: 4 Rak'ahs of Sunnah Mu’akkadah
• After Jumu'ah prayer:
  • 4 Rak'ahs of Sunnah Mu’akkadah
  • 2 Rak'ahs of Sunnah Ghair Mu’akkadah
  • 2 Rak'ahs of Nafl

📖 Hadith Reference:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"When one of you prays Jumu'ah, let him pray four Rak'ahs after it."
📚 (Sahih Muslim, 881)

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3️⃣ Is it mandatory to pray Sunnah after Jumu'ah?

Answer: Sunnah Mu’akkadah is highly recommended and should not be skipped without a valid reason. While not obligatory like Fardh, abandoning them regularly is discouraged and can be sinful. Some scholars even state that consistently neglecting Sunnah Mu’akkadah is close to Haram.

📖 Hadith Reference:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"Do not make your homes graveyards. Indeed, Satan flees from a house in which Surah Al-Baqarah is recited. Pray some of your prayers in your homes and do not abandon Sunnah prayers."
📚 (Sahih Muslim, 780; Sahih Bukhari, 6116)

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4️⃣ What is the best way to perform Sunnah after Jumu'ah?

Answer: The best practice is:
✔ Pray 4 Rak'ahs of Sunnah Mu’akkadah first
✔ Then pray 2 Rak'ahs of Sunnah Ghair Mu’akkadah

This ensures that all Hadith narrations regarding Sunnah after Jumu'ah are followed.

📖 Hadith Reference:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever among you wants to pray after Jumu'ah, let him pray four Rak'ahs."
📚 (Sunan Abu Dawood, 1122; Jami' at-Tirmidhi, 529)

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5️⃣ What happens if someone habitually skips Sunnah Mu’akkadah?

Answer: According to Islamic teachings:

• Skipping without a valid reason once makes a person blameworthy.
• Regularly neglecting them makes a person Fasiq (a sinner), whose testimony may not be accepted in legal matters.
• Some scholars state that abandoning Sunnah Mu’akkadah may deprive a person of the Prophet’s intercession on the Day of Judgment.

📖 Hadith Reference:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"Whoever abandons my Sunnah, he is not from me."
📚 (Sunan Ibn Majah, 10; Sahih Al-Bukhari, 6780)

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6️⃣ How many Sunnah Rak’ahs should be prayed daily?

Answer: Apart from Jumu'ah, the daily Sunnah prayers include:

• 2 Rak'ahs before Fajr
• 4 Rak'ahs before Zuhr, 2 after
• 2 Rak'ahs after Maghrib
• 2 Rak'ahs after Isha
• On Jumu'ah day, 4 before and 4 after Jumu'ah prayer

📖 Hadith Reference:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"A house will be built in Paradise for every Muslim who prays 12 Rak'ahs voluntarily every day and night, apart from the obligatory prayers."
📚 (Sahih Muslim, 728; Jami' at-Tirmidhi, 415)

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7️⃣ Where is this ruling mentioned in Islamic books?

Answer: The ruling on Sunnah Rak'ahs after Jumu'ah is found in:
📖 Fatawa Razaviya Jadeed (Vol. 8, Page 326)
📖 Bahar-e-Shariat (Vol. 4, Sunan-ul-Nawafil, Masa'il-e-Fiqh)
📖 Fathullah Al-Mu'in, Nahr, Uyun, Tajnees, and Jawahir-ul-Akhlati

📖 Hadith Reference:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"The most beloved acts to Allah are those performed consistently, even if they are small."
📚 (Sahih Bukhari, 6465; Sahih Muslim, 782)

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8️⃣ Is there any harm in praying extra Nafl Rak'ahs after Jumu'ah?

Answer: No, there is no harm in offering additional 2 Rak'ahs of Nafl after Jumu'ah. It is optional but highly rewarding.

📖 Hadith Reference:
The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
"A servant is closest to his Lord while in prostration, so increase your supplications."
📚 (Sahih Muslim, 482; Jami' at-Tirmidhi, 3579)

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🔹 Final Words

Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ) know best. May Allah guide us to follow the Sunnah, act upon the truth, and convey it to others.

📢 Share this with others to spread beneficial knowledge!

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Isra and Mi'raj: The Miraculous Night of Divine Blessings and Faith

The Isra and Mi'raj is one of the most significant miracles in Islamic history. It marks the miraculous night journey and ascension of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) to the heavens. This extraordinary event is celebrated every year by millions of Muslims across the world, including India. It is a time for reflection, prayer, and spiritual devotion. In this article, we will explore the significance of Isra and Mi'raj, its historical context, and its relevance in Islamic practices, including Shab-e-Meraj ki Niyat, Shab-e-Meraj Roza Time, Shab-e-Meraj Roza Niyat, and Shab-e-Meraj Nafil Namaz.

What is Isra and Mi'raj?

Isra and Mi'raj refer to the two phases of the miraculous journey undertaken by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in a single night. According to Islamic tradition, the Prophet (PBUH) was transported from Masjid al-Haram in Mecca to Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem (Isra) and then ascended to the heavens (Mi'raj) where he met various prophets and was granted the divine gift of Salah (prayer).

The Journey of Isra

Isra refers to the first part of the journey where Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) traveled from Mecca to Jerusalem on Buraq, a celestial steed. Upon reaching Masjid al-Aqsa, he led the other prophets in prayer, symbolizing the unity of all previous revelations in Islam.

The Journey of Mi'raj

Mi'raj is the second part of the journey where Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) ascended through the seven heavens and encountered prophets such as Adam, Ibrahim, Musa, and Isa (peace be upon them all). He was ultimately granted the vision of Sidrat al-Muntaha, the divine boundary where no creation had ever reached before. It was during this divine audience that Allah (SWT) commanded the establishment of five daily prayers (Salah), a fundamental pillar of Islam.

Spiritual Significance of Isra and Mi'raj

Isra and Mi'raj hold immense significance in Islamic theology. The journey symbolizes divine mercy, spiritual elevation, and the Prophet's (PBUH) unique status. It serves as a reminder of Allah’s power and the rewards for those who remain steadfast in faith despite adversities.

Lessons from Isra and Mi'raj:

1. Faith and Devotion: Despite skepticism from the Quraysh, Abu Bakr (RA) immediately believed in the Prophet’s (PBUH) journey, earning the title As-Siddiq (The Truthful).

2. The Importance of Salah: The direct divine command for five daily prayers underscores its significance in a Muslim's life.

3. Patience in Hardships: The journey came at a time when the Prophet (PBUH) faced immense personal and social challenges, symbolizing that trials are followed by divine blessings.

4. Belief in the Unseen: The event is a testament to Allah’s infinite power, encouraging believers to strengthen their Iman (faith).

Shab-e-Meraj Ki Niyat: How to Observe the Night

Shab-e-Meraj, or the Night of Ascension, is a night of deep spiritual significance. Muslims engage in prayers, recitation of the Quran, and seeking forgiveness from Allah. The intention (niyat) for this blessed night can be made in the following way:

“I intend to seek closeness to Allah through worship, prayers, and reflection on the night of Isra and Mi'raj.”

Shab-e-Meraj Roza Time and Niyat

Although fasting on Shab-e-Meraj is not obligatory, many devout Muslims observe it as a form of voluntary worship. The Shab-e-Meraj Roza time follows the general fasting schedule, starting from Suhur (pre-dawn meal) until Maghrib (sunset).

Niyat for fasting on Shab-e-Meraj: "I intend to fast on the blessed day of Isra and Mi'raj for the sake of Allah."

Shab-e-Meraj Nafil Namaz

Performing Nafil prayers on Shab-e-Meraj is a recommended act of worship. Here are some prayers one can observe:

1. Salat-ul-Tasbeeh: A four-rakat prayer with the continuous recitation of "Subhanallahi wal Hamdulillahi wa la ilaha illallahu wallahu Akbar".

2. Tahajjud: A late-night prayer that brings spiritual elevation.

3. Two Rakats of Gratitude (Shukr Salah): Expressing thankfulness for the blessings of faith and divine guidance.

4. Istighfar and Dua: Seeking forgiveness and making heartfelt supplications.

Why Shab-e-Meraj is Important for Muslims in India

India, home to one of the largest Muslim populations in the world, has a rich tradition of observing Shab-e-Meraj. Mosques are illuminated, special sermons are delivered, and congregational prayers are organized. The night provides an opportunity for Muslims to reconnect with their faith, seek divine blessings, and reflect on the significance of the Prophet’s (PBUH) journey.

Conclusion

The Isra and Mi'raj is not just a miraculous event but a profound spiritual experience that holds deep lessons for all believers. It emphasizes faith, perseverance, and the significance of Salah in Islam. Observing Shab-e-Meraj ki Niyat, Shab-e-Meraj Roza Time, Shab-e-Meraj Roza Niyat, and Shab-e-Meraj Nafil Namaz allows Muslims to draw closer to Allah and strengthen their faith.

As we commemorate this blessed night, let us reflect on its significance, engage in prayers, and reaffirm our commitment to the teachings of Islam. May Allah grant us all the ability to observe this sacred night with sincerity and devotion. Ameen.

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Sultan Salahuddin Ayyubi: The Warrior Who Reclaimed Jerusalem

 Sultan Salahuddin Ayyubi Rahmatullah Alaih remains one of the most revered figures in Islamic history. Known for his military prowess, strategic brilliance, and deep sense of justice, he led the Muslim forces against the Crusaders in the 12th century and successfully reclaimed Jerusalem after 90 years of Christian rule. His leadership in the Crusades, particularly during the Battle of Hattin and the capture of Jerusalem, is celebrated not just in the Muslim world but also in Western history.

This article delves into his early life, rise to power, military campaigns, and the qualities that made him a legendary leader.

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Early Life and Rise to Power

Salahuddin Ayyubi Rahmatullah Alaih, originally named Yusuf ibn Ayyub, was born in 1138 CE in Tikrit (modern-day Iraq). His father, Najmuddin Ayyubi, served under Imaduddin Zangi, the ruler of Mosul, who was actively fighting against the Crusaders.

Growing up in an era of conflict, Salahuddin received military and administrative training under Nuruddin Mahmud, the son of Imaduddin Zangi. Under Nuruddin’s guidance, Salahuddin developed into a skilled leader and gained experience in governance, warfare, and diplomacy.

His rise to power began when he was appointed as the vizier of Egypt after the fall of the Fatimid Caliphate. Demonstrating exceptional administrative skills, Salahuddin unified Egypt and later expanded his influence across Syria and Iraq, solidifying his rule as the leader of the Ayyubid dynasty.

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The Crusades and the Battle of Hattin

One of the most significant moments in history was Salahuddin’s involvement in the Crusades. The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim rule. By the time Salahuddin rose to power, the Kingdom of Jerusalem was under Christian control.

In 1187 CE, Salahuddin launched a campaign against the Crusaders, culminating in the historic Battle of Hattin. This battle was a turning point in the Crusades, as Salahuddin’s army decisively defeated the forces of King Guy of Lusignan. The victory at Hattin paved the way for Salahuddin’s march towards Jerusalem.

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The Recapture of Jerusalem

On 20th September 1187 CE, Salahuddin’s army reached the gates of Jerusalem. The city had been under Christian rule since the First Crusade in 1099 CE, during which thousands of Muslims and Jews were massacred.

Unlike the Crusaders, who had shown no mercy, Salahuddin Rahmatullah Alaih exhibited remarkable compassion upon reclaiming the city. On 4th October 1187 CE, Jerusalem was officially back under Muslim rule, marking the end of 90 years of Christian dominance.

Instead of exacting revenge, Salahuddin allowed Christian residents to leave peacefully. Many Western historians, including those who were critical of Muslim rulers, acknowledged his mercy and chivalry. His treatment of the defeated Christians set him apart as a leader who embodied the true spirit of Islam.

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Salahuddin’s Leadership and Legacy

Salahuddin Rahmatullah Alaih was not just a warrior but also a visionary leader. His rule was marked by the following qualities:

1. Justice and Mercy

Despite being a formidable warrior, Salahuddin was known for his fairness and justice. He treated his subjects with respect, regardless of their religion. His policies ensured stability and prosperity in the regions he governed.

2. Unification of the Muslim World

During his time, the Muslim world was fragmented. Salahuddin worked tirelessly to unite various Muslim factions under one banner, which was crucial in defeating the Crusaders.

3. Strategic Brilliance

His military strategies were unparalleled. By focusing on economic strength, supply chains, and strategic fortifications, he was able to outmaneuver the Crusaders multiple times.

4. Religious Devotion

Salahuddin was deeply religious and ensured that Islamic principles guided his governance. He was known to pray regularly, fast often, and promote education and religious scholarship.

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The Later Years and Death

After the conquest of Jerusalem, Salahuddin continued to fight against the Third Crusade, led by King Richard the Lionheart of England. The two leaders engaged in several battles, but neither could achieve complete victory. Eventually, in 1192 CE, they agreed to the Treaty of Ramla, allowing Christian pilgrims to visit Jerusalem while the city remained under Muslim control.

In February 1193 CE, Salahuddin fell ill and passed away at the age of 55 in Damascus. His funeral reflected his humility—despite ruling vast territories, he had little wealth left, as he had given most of it to the poor.

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Impact on Modern History

Salahuddin Ayyubi’s Rahmatullah Alaih legacy continues to inspire leaders, historians, and military strategists around the world. His ability to unite the Muslim world, defeat the Crusaders, and treat his enemies with dignity has made him an enduring symbol of justice and leadership.

In the modern era, his name is associated with strength, resilience, and righteousness. His story is often referenced in discussions about leadership, diplomacy, and religious tolerance.

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Sultan Salahuddin Ayyubi Rahmatullah Alaih was more than just a conqueror; he was a statesman, a unifier, and a model of Islamic ethics. His capture of Jerusalem, his defeat of the Crusaders, and his compassionate leadership have cemented his place as one of the greatest figures in history.

His life teaches us the importance of unity, justice, and moral integrity in leadership. Even today, his legacy continues to inspire millions, making him a timeless icon of strength and benevolence.

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What Happened on Shab E Meraj? The Prophet’s Journey to the Heavens

 # The Lesson from Isra and Mi’raj: A Journey of Truth and Resilience

The event of Isra and Mi’raj holds great significance in Islamic history, marking a miraculous journey undertaken by Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ). It serves as a divine lesson in faith, perseverance, and the ultimate victory of truth over falsehood. Throughout time, the struggle between Haqq (truth) and Batil (falsehood) has been evident. Falsehood has persistently tried to suppress the truth, but Allah’s divine message has always prevailed.

This sacred journey occurred when Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) faced immense hardships in Makkah. The Isra and Mi’raj was not only a miraculous event but also a testament to resilience, faith, and divine support. In this article, we delve into the historical background, key lessons, and spiritual significance of this event.

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The Eternal Struggle Between Truth (Haqq) and Falsehood (Batil)

From the beginning of time, there has been a continuous battle between righteousness and falsehood. Allah sent numerous prophets to guide humanity, yet each of them faced persecution and rejection by those who sought to uphold falsehood. The message of Haqq (truth) was never easily accepted by those benefiting from corruption and misguidance.

Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) stated:

“Among all the prophets, I have endured the greatest hardships in propagating the truth.”

This quote underscores the immense sacrifices and struggles he faced while delivering Allah’s divine message.

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Divine Rewards of Mi’raj Night

The night of Isra and Mi’raj was a time of immense blessings and divine rewards. During this miraculous journey, Allah bestowed several extraordinary gifts upon Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) and his followers.

1. Establishment of Five Daily Prayers (Salah)

One of the greatest blessings of Mi’raj was the obligation of five daily prayers (Salah). Initially commanded as fifty, the prayers were reduced to five while retaining the reward of fifty. This showcases Allah’s immense mercy and compassion for believers.

2. Vision of Paradise and Hell

During this celestial journey, the Prophet sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) was shown the rewards of Paradise and the punishments of Hell, reinforcing the reality of the Hereafter and the consequences of one’s deeds.

3. Strengthening of Faith and Certainty

This event solidified the faith of believers, demonstrating Allah’s boundless power and the certainty of His divine wisdom. It emphasized the importance of patience, perseverance, and trust in Allah’s plan.

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Challenges Faced by Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ)

Before the miraculous journey of Isra and Mi’raj, Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) experienced immense personal losses and challenges, marking a difficult phase in his mission.

1. Loss of Abu Talib – His Greatest Protector

Abu Talib, the Prophet’s uncle, was his strongest protector against the oppression of Quraysh. His passing left the Prophet sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) vulnerable to relentless persecution.

2. Death of Khadijah (RA) – His Strongest Supporter

The loss of Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (RA), the Prophet’s beloved wife, further deepened his sorrow. She was his emotional and financial supporter, the first to accept Islam, and a source of immense comfort.

3. Rejection in Ta’if – A Painful Experience

Seeking a receptive audience, the Prophet sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) traveled to Ta’if, but he was met with hostility and violence. The people rejected his message, and he was pelted with stones until he bled, yet he remained patient.

Despite these hardships, the Isra and Mi’raj served as a divine reassurance that Allah’s support was with him.

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The Miraculous Journey of Isra and Mi’raj

1. The Night Journey (Isra)

Angel Jibreel Alayhi al-Salam visited the Prophet sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) while he was either in the house of Umm Hani (RA) or near the Kaaba. The celestial steed Buraq was presented to him, which transported him from Makkah to Masjid Al-Aqsa (Jerusalem) at lightning speed. Upon arrival, he led all previous prophets in prayer, affirming his status as Imam Al-Anbiya (Leader of the Prophets).

2. The Heavenly Ascension (Mi’raj)

After leading the prayer, the Prophet sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ) ascended through the seven heavens, meeting prophets at each level:

• Adam Alayhi al-Salam in the first heaven

• Isa Alayhi al-Salam and Yahya Alayhi al-Salam in the second

• Yusuf Alayhi al-Salam in the third

• Idris Alayhi al-Salam in the fourth

• Harun Alayhi al-Salam in the fifth

• Musa Alayhi al-Salam in the sixth

• Ibrahim Alayhi al-Salam in the seventh

Upon reaching Sidrat al-Muntaha, a divine boundary, he received direct revelations from Allah, including the command for daily prayers.

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Key Lessons from Isra and Mi’raj

1. Divine Help Arrives After Hardship – Even in difficult times, Allah provides support to His righteous servants.

2. Significance of Salah – The five daily prayers are a direct gift from Allah and a means of spiritual elevation.

3. Patience and Perseverance – The journey highlights the importance of remaining steadfast in faith, regardless of hardships.

4. The Reality of the Hereafter – Witnessing Paradise and Hell emphasized accountability and the consequences of one’s deeds.

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Related Stories on Shab-e-Meraj

• SHAB E MERAJ NAMAZ and DUA (PRAYERS AND FASTING) Nawafil of 27 Rajab Shab-E-Meraj
• Shab-e-Meraj 2025: History, Significance, and Special Prayers

The Isra and Mi’raj is more than just a historical event; it is a lesson in resilience, faith, and divine mercy. It teaches believers to trust Allah’s plan, uphold the truth, and remain steadfast despite adversities. The journey reinforces the significance of Salah, patience, and unwavering devotion to Allah.

As we reflect on this miraculous journey, we should apply its lessons in our lives, strengthen our faith, and seek Allah’s guidance in all circumstances. Indeed, the struggle between Haqq (truth) and Batil (falsehood) continues, but as history shows, truth will always prevail.

Keywords: Isra and Mi’raj, Haqq and Batil, Prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihe wasallam (صَلَّىٰ ٱللَّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ), Night Journey, Five Daily Prayers, Islamic Miracles, Spiritual Growth

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Repaying Debt in Islam: An Obligation and a Moral Responsibility

Debt is a significant financial responsibility in every society, and Islam places immense emphasis on its repayment. Repaying debt in Islam is not just a financial duty but a moral and religious obligation. Islam encourages lending to those in need, but it also warns against negligence in repaying borrowed money. The Quran and Hadith provide clear guidance on loans, borrowing, and debt repayment, ensuring fairness and accountability in financial dealings.

In this article, we will explore the importance of repaying debt in Islam, its consequences if ignored, and the ethical approach towards borrowing and lending.

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The Importance of Repaying Debt in Islam

Islam considers debt a serious commitment that must be honoured. Borrowing should only be done when necessary, and repaying it should be a priority. The Quran states:

“Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due.” (Surah An-Nisa 4:58)

A debt is a trust given by the lender, and the borrower must return it as soon as possible. Islam teaches that fulfilling obligations, including repaying debts, is part of faith and good character.

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Helping Debtors Through Zakat and During Ramadan

Islam provides ways to assist those struggling with debt, including helping them through Zakat (charity). One of the eight categories eligible to receive Zakat is Al-Gharimin (those in debt):

“Zakat expenditures are only for the poor, the needy, those employed to collect it, to attract the hearts of those who have been inclined (to Islam), to free captives, for those in debt, for the cause of Allah, and for the stranded traveller.” (Surah At-Tawbah 9:60)

This means that Muslims can use their Zakat to help clear the debts of genuinely struggling individuals. Additionally, Ramadan is a special time when acts of charity hold greater rewards. Helping debtors during Ramadan, whether by providing financial aid or forgiving loans, is a noble deed that earns immense blessings from Allah.

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Hadiths on Repaying Debt

Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) repeatedly stressed the importance of clearing debts before death. He warned that an individual who dies with unpaid debt may face consequences in the Hereafter. One narration states:

“The soul of a believer is held back until his debt is paid on his behalf.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi 1078)

This Hadith highlights that even if a person is righteous, their soul may not attain complete peace if they leave unpaid debts. The Prophet (PBUH) also made it clear that unpaid debts could affect one’s final standing before Allah:

“Whoever takes people’s wealth with the intention of repaying it, Allah will help him repay it. And whoever takes it to waste it, Allah will destroy him.” (Sahih al-Bukhari 2387)

Thus, borrowing with sincere intentions and making efforts to repay is not only financially wise but also spiritually beneficial.

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The Consequences of Not Repaying Debt

Failure to repay debts has serious consequences, both in this world and the Hereafter. Islam strongly discourages taking a loan without the intent of returning it. Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) warned:

"The martyr is forgiven for everything except debt." (Sahih Muslim 1885)

This Hadith demonstrates that even someone who sacrifices their life for Islam may not be forgiven if they have unpaid debts. Furthermore, social consequences include loss of trust, strained relationships, and legal repercussions.

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The Ethical Approach to Borrowing and Lending in Islam

To maintain financial justice and social harmony, Islam lays down guidelines for both borrowers and lenders:

For Borrowers:

1. Borrow only when necessary – Islam discourages unnecessary debt unless it is for essential needs.

2. Intend to repay – The Prophet (PBUH) emphasized that one should borrow with a sincere intention to return the amount.

3. Document the loan – The Quran instructs Muslims to write down financial transactions to prevent disputes:

   “O you who have believed, when you contract a debt for a specified term, write it down.” (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:282)

4. Inform heirs about outstanding debts – If a person passes away, their family should be aware of their financial obligations.

5. Avoid unnecessary loans – Islam discourages borrowing for luxurious or non-essential purposes.

For Lenders:

1. Be compassionate – Islam encourages kindness and flexibility in dealing with borrowers.

2. Avoid interest (Riba) – Charging interest on loans is strictly prohibited in Islam:

   "Allah has permitted trade and has forbidden interest." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:275)

3. Give time for repayment if needed – If a debtor is struggling, Islam advises patience and even forgiving the debt as a charitable act:

   "And if someone is in hardship, then let there be postponement until a time of ease. But if you give it as charity, it is better for you, if you only knew." (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:280)

4. Encourage responsible borrowing – Lenders should ensure that borrowers understand their obligations and do not fall into cycles of unnecessary debt.

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Practical Steps to Ensure Debt Repayment

If one has taken a loan, they should prioritize repaying it by:

1. Budgeting wisely – Allocate a portion of earnings for repaying loans.

2. Avoiding wasteful spending – Extravagance can delay debt repayment.

3. Seeking financial help from family or friends – If struggling, discuss options for assistance.

4. Making dua (prayer) for debt relief – The Prophet (PBUH) taught a dua for those in debt:

   “O Allah, suffice me with what You have allowed instead of what You have forbidden, and make me independent of all others besides You.” (Sunan al-Tirmidhi 3563)

5. Setting up a will – Ensure that debts are cleared if anything happens unexpectedly.

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The Reward for Helping Others Pay Off Debt

Islam highly rewards those who help others in financial distress. The Prophet (PBUH) said:

“Whoever relieves a Muslim of a burden from the burdens of this world, Allah will relieve him of a burden from the burdens on the Day of Judgment.” (Sahih Muslim 2699)

This Hadith encourages acts of kindness such as forgiving debts, granting extensions, or providing financial assistance to those in need.

Repaying debt in Islam is a serious obligation that carries both worldly and spiritual consequences. The Quran and Hadiths emphasize that debt should be taken only when necessary, and borrowers must have a clear intention to repay. Failure to do so can result in divine accountability, while fulfilling obligations leads to blessings and peace in life.

As Muslims, it is our duty to be honest in financial dealings, whether as borrowers or lenders. By following Islamic principles, we can build a responsible financial system based on trust, ethics, and social welfare.

May Allah guide us in handling our financial responsibilities wisely and grant relief to those struggling with debt. Ameen.

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