Hazrat Asma bint Umays (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهَا) is one of the most remarkable women in Islamic history. Known for her unwavering faith, resilience, and close association with the Prophet Muhammad (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) and his family, she holds a unique and revered place among the early Muslims. Her life is a shining example of patience, strength, and devotion. This article delves into her inspiring journey, her sacrifices, and her contributions to the early Islamic community.
Early Life and Acceptance of Islam
Hazrat Asma bint Umays (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهَا) was born into the prestigious and respected tribe of Banu Khath’am. She embraced Islam at an early stage, becoming one of the
“As-Sabiqun al-Awwalun”—the earliest converts to Islam. According to
Ibn Ishaq’s list, she was the thirty-fourth person to accept Islam, highlighting her prompt and courageous decision to embrace the new faith despite the prevailing hostility towards Muslims in Makkah.
Her unwavering faith and commitment to Islam were demonstrated when she pledged allegiance to Prophet Muhammad (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) even before the Muslims sought refuge at Dar al-Arqam. Her early conversion reflects her deep conviction and readiness to face the challenges that came with accepting Islam during its most vulnerable phase.
Marriage to Hazrat Ja'far bin Abu Talib
Hazrat Asma bint Umays (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهَا) was married to Hazrat Ja'far bin Abu Talib (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهُ), the cousin of Prophet Muhammad (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم). Together, they shared a life of faith, sacrifice, and devotion to Islam.
In 5 Nabawi (the fifth year of Prophethood), due to the increasing persecution from the Quraysh, the Prophet (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) advised his followers to migrate to Abyssinia (present-day Ethiopia), saying:
“There is a just king there under whose rule no one is oppressed.”
Hazrat Asma and her husband were among the first group of Muslims who embarked on this migration, known as the First Migration to Abyssinia. This was a significant event in Islamic history as it marked the first organized movement to seek religious freedom. During her stay in Abyssinia, Hazrat Asma gave birth to three sons:
- Abdullah bin Ja'far
- Muhammad bin Ja'far
- Awn bin Ja'far
Her role as a mother, wife, and migrant showcases her patience, strength, and unwavering faith in Allah.
Return to Madinah and Martyrdom of Hazrat Ja'far
After spending several years in Abyssinia, Hazrat Asma bint Umays (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهَا) and her family returned to Madinah. Her husband, Hazrat Ja'far bin Abu Talib (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهُ), became one of the bravest commanders in the Battle of Mu'tah, a significant battle fought between Muslims and the Byzantine army.
During the battle, Hazrat Ja'far displayed exceptional courage and valor. Despite losing both arms while holding the Muslim banner, he continued to fight until he was martyred. His martyrdom was deeply mourned by Prophet Muhammad (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم), who visited the house of Hazrat Asma to console her and her children.
The Prophet (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) embraced Ja'far's children and wept, saying,
“Today, Ja'far has been martyred.”
He then comforted Hazrat Asma and advised her to remain patient, saying, “Asma! You should neither speak inappropriately nor beat your chest.”
This incident highlights the Prophet's kindness, compassion, and the special bond he shared with the family of Ja'far.
Special Consideration and Support from Prophet Muhammad (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم)
Prophet Muhammad (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) showed great care and support to Hazrat Asma (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهَا) and her children after the martyrdom of her husband. He and his family prepared food for her household, showcasing his generosity and empathy towards the grieving family.
Furthermore, he granted her a special dispensation by reducing her ʿIddah (waiting period) from 130 days to just three days, saying:
“Mourn for three days, then do as you wish.”
This was a unique ruling exclusively for her, demonstrating the Prophet’s deep understanding of her situation and his wisdom in easing her hardship.
Second Marriage to Hazrat Abu Bakr and Later Life
Six months after the martyrdom of her first husband, Hazrat Asma bint Umays (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهَا) married Hazrat Abu Bakr al-Ṣiddīq (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهُ). Together, they had a son named Muhammad bin Abī Bakr.
After the death of Hazrat Abu Bakr (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهُ), she married Hazrat ʿAli al-Murtaḍā (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهُ), the cousin of Prophet Muhammad (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) and the fourth Caliph of Islam. They were blessed with a son named Yaḥyā. Her marriages to two of the most revered companions of the Prophet reflect her esteemed status and influence in Islamic history.
Du’a (Prayer) from Prophet Muhammad (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم)
During the marriage of Sayyidatunā Fāṭimah (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهَا), Hazrat Asma served her with utmost dedication. Upon learning of her selfless service, Prophet Muhammad (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّم) was moved to tears and supplicated:
“O Asma! May Allah fulfill all your needs in this world and the Hereafter.”
This heartfelt prayer from the Prophet reflects her dedication, humility, and the respect she earned within the Prophet’s family.
Legacy and Impact on Islamic History
Hazrat Asma bint Umays (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهَا) was not only a devoted wife and mother but also an influential figure in early Islamic history. She witnessed pivotal moments in Islamic history, from the first migration to Abyssinia to the expansion of Islam under the leadership of Hazrat Ali (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهُ).
Her courage, faith, and resilience continue to inspire generations of Muslims worldwide. Her story is a testament to the strength and pivotal role of women in Islam.
Conclusion
Hazrat Asma bint Umays (رَضِیَ اللهُ عَنْهَا) exemplified faith, courage, and devotion. Her life was marked by sacrifices, yet she remained steadfast and resilient. As a mother, wife, and companion of the Prophet's family, she played an influential role in shaping Islamic history.
Her legacy continues to inspire women to lead with faith, patience, and dignity. Her story is a reminder of the important role women have always played in Islam. May Allah be pleased with her and grant us the strength to follow her example.
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